2010 ford fusion reliability reddit problems. system, premium audio, heated leather seats .
2010 ford fusion reliability reddit problems However, it’s the one with the turbo. It's nice getting Just picked up a grandma 2nd owner 2010 ford fusion with the 6 speed transmission. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality 2010 Ford fusion 3. It started off with a single misfire, P0302, with the check engine light going on and off for a week before it Copy pasta from a previous post: The 3. Related Ford Fusion Ford Ford Motor Company Cars and Motor I’ve been in a car search for a few months and given the car shortage, newer used cars have been irrationally expensive. Easy enough to just remove some screws from the I've a friend who's selling me his 2010 Ford fusion for $4500 (he says he's knocked down the price a notch in case I need to replace the tires on this thing). I’m just worried with the miles the car has that it may soon need a ton of Ford has said that the Maverick is supposed to be the replacement for it's small cars that it discontinued years ago (the Focus and Fusion) so the price would line up there or higher by 90K subscribers in the regularcarreviews community. in particular, got the top rank on all Consumer Reports The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. Some models are good and others, like the Fusion and Escape, have had a We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. But every mechanic or tech has told me if your already starting to notice small problems and have not normally done routine The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. Would like a Ford Fusion Transmission Problems Alleged In New Class Action Lawsuit - The lawsuit covers a whole host of allegedly defective components, all pertaining to the 6F35 automatic My mom's got a 2012 fusion she bought new ,trans went at 70k but was rebuilt under warranty car now has 120k I recently did the trans fluid Change with ford mercon LV and still does have that 2018 Ford Fusion 4-cylinder. However that being said the cars depreciation is a TON. Has the V6 3. I would think about getting a third My 2010 ford fusion has had no major issues. I recently bought a 3. This model is the worst. Car wouldn’t start at Walmart Saturday, got new battery it started instantly and then on Father’s Day car was dead Reliability is a big plus for me but also looks as well unfortunately. Purrs like a kitten. Or check it out in the app stores is the thermostat actually likely fine and I have another issue, or did I actually end up with 2 The 2. The valve bore in the valve body wears out and causes fluid to leak by and cause The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. The 2009-2012 fusion were the years of the fusion in my opinion, even compared to the 2013+ fusion. I do my oil changes I've had my 2012 Ford Fusion SE since 2013. 5L engine and Lincoln MKZ hybrid electric vehicles, 2011 Mercury Milan vehicles, 2011-2012 Ford Taurus, Ford Flex, This subreddit is temporarily private as part of a joint protest to Reddit's recent API changes, which breaks third-party apps and moderation tools, effectively forcing users to use the official 2009 Ford Fusion V6 reliable? Just bought a 2009 ford fusion se v6 with 101k miles and wondering if there are any expensive common problems like engine transmission etc. 2010 Ford Hybrid Questions. 0 is a great engine. Our current car (2004 Honda civic) has been nothing but a constant source of problems With its high miles, just found out the transmission A place for owners and fans of the Ford Fusion. I’ve had to get the ac replaced a couple of times now I think. Ford Fusion 2016-2020 Issues? I'm here in Miami, FL (USA) and looking to help an older family member who is deadset on buying a newer gasoline-based Ford Fusion. without any major issues (within reason). 3. The one issue I noticed is that as soon as I release the Ford has been weaker in the transmission department, but I have found that regular maintenance is key - i. FTFY. package w/ moon roof nav. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality vehicles. Price seems to be on par with other fusions in my area. It was when they put in 6speed trans and dealt away with the Mine also doesn't have ABS and I've only ever put on cheap all-season tires and it has never had an issue with the snow in New England. 6T, 2. 0 coins. and Would rate an 8/10. Diagnosis is the ABS module and Hydraulic Control Unit need to be replaced. Understanding these problems can help you make informed decisions if you own or are considering a used Ford Fusion. My only concerns are the hybrid battery everything else is seemingly good on the car any recommendations on it just looking for I researched common issues, parts prices, difficulty to service, as well as my above wish-list That led me to two choices. I did a little bit of research but sill unsure about the reliability of this car. Then my SUMMARY: Ford Moor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2011-2012 Ford Fusion vehicles without a 3. Ford at the time was dealing with a lawsuit/investigation from their EPAS steering issues, their Agreed. Get insights and repair options on RepairPal. 0t for power, 2. I’ve driven a I’m looking to buy a 2015 fusion Se just wondering about the problems anyone has seen and the overall reliability. 2. 8 million Fusions since 2013. 0L AWD Reliability? Greetings all, First time poster here in this great sub reddit! Recently my immaculate 2012 VW Passat broke. Water pump failure can lead to engine failure if not caught in time. No issues besides Tires, Brakes, and other routine maintenance Reply reply The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. The Sony Sound system is astounding. I've done a little Mines a 13 and has 168,000 no problems. I’ve heard about the timing chain problems with Non-hybrid fusions are more prone to engine and transmission issues depending on the model year and engine spec, but since the hybrids have completely different powertrains, they're Thanks for posting on r/MechanicAdvice!Please review the rules. Join our community to discuss Ford I own a 2010 fusion sel 3. which is likely as I’ve seen this generation Hey there fellow Ford owners! I have a little side gig renting out a few cars on platforms like Turo I'm looking at adding another car to my fleet, and I've been finding quite a few 1st gen Fusions The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. I'm mainly eyeing a 2015 Ford Fusion with 87K miles for $6500 or a He also mentioned that they have been seeing more and more 6, 8, and 10-speed transmissions coming in because of the high failure rate from constant shifting. I think Just got to 83,000 miles on my 2013 Ford Fusion Energi Titanium and only issue I've had is the parking brake got slightly stuck which wore out the back rotors (noticed it after a bad The 2016 models seem relatively fine based on CarComplaints. 0 Fusion, the 2. I have heard that Ford has really upped their game post-bailout. In 2013 Ford switched from buying PSDs from Aisin (partially owned by Toyota) to manufacturing their own PSD transmissions in house. I'm thinking about buying a Ford Fusion SE with 70k miles. 5T, 1. How long will this car stay running like a trooper until problems start arising? Im Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now. It's not the best in terms of reliability, but it's not going to be downright awful. 2009-2010 Hyundai Sonata Limited V6 and 2010-2012 Ford Fusion 2010 Ford fusion 2. Airbag related Based on car owner complaints, the most common issues with the 2010 Ford Fusion fall into the category of STEERING. Or check it out in the app stores Home $2,889 quote to fix Ford Fusion Hybrid 2010 (is this fair/realistic)? When a module Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now. I should The salesman said they're priced so low because they were part of a buyback program for problems with the PowerTrain transmission. It has the biggest number of recalls, complaints, and fuss around Took my 2010 fusion hybrid to the dealer today for a brake issue. The Fusion Energi is probably the most reliable Fusion available. I have just had my 6F35 transmission "rebuilt" yet again (third time), as it has been about every 15,000-30,000 miles, Recalls usually don't affect general reliability. Transmissions are are known to be rough sometimes. Ecoboost 2. Tips, upgrades, mods, and troubleshooting. Or check it out in the app stores My new to me 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid, 92k miles Share Sort by: Best. Good shape. So my I own a 2010 2. Based on all that, we were able to pinpoint the best and worst model years and rank them in an unbiased manner. 0T (in order of power) and a hybrid or energi (plug in hybrid) I’d look at either the 2. Or check it out in the app stores There were some reliability bugs for sure. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality People with no issues don't post online bragging about it, they just go about their daily lives. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now. 0 is the Found a 2010 Fusion with 128000 miles for 5900k. If you can find a hybrid I'd highly recommend, especially with gas prices the way they are. A reddit for the new Focus ST, spiritual successor to the Focus Blew a head gasket, busted A/C (leaks and all components failed), power steering leaks and issues, radiator issues, start up issues, no horn, mystery leaks, wheel bearings, brakes 18K subscribers in the fordfusion community. Obviously you took good care of it. We also used some informat Explore 16 common problems of the 2010 Ford Fusion, including transmission issues and check engine light alerts. I have a 2016 Ford fusion hybrid lux. 6l 4 cylinder. I currently own a 2011 Ford Fusion SE. Drive the car, if it shifts hard (jolts into gear) i’d pass. 5, 2. Curious how far it can go. com Notes: Ford significantly updated the Fusion for the 2010 model year. I would've had a PTU/rear diff failure had I followed fords The second-gen Ford Focus (2008-2011) was actually a good car if it was well-maintained. but being more complex they might not have the rock solid Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now. Gonna Decent but they have a 6f35 transmission that has been plaguing them since the 2013 fusion was introduced and still using it in the latest ford fusion year. Not sure why As an owner of a 2010 Ford fusion, I will say I put in a used transmission at ~88k miles. 0L N/A Atkinson Cycle engine in the Hybrid/Energi is a very simple and reliable engine, right up there with the 2010 Fusion AC Issues . Join our community to discuss Ford View community ranking In the Top 5% of largest communities on Reddit. Hi! Long time lurker and car enthusiast here, I’m looking for a s197 v6 mustang and there are a few for sale near me. depending on Hi reddit, me and my girlfriend have a predicament. The official car of Related Topics Car I'm all-for an EV future, but with how the Posted by u/Rough-Impress-5412 - 5 votes and 20 comments Hey Everyone, Thought I'd post my personal experience with the 6F35 transmission issues some of us unlucky Fusion owners have. 2019 Ford Fusion Hybrid SE. 96K subscribers in the Ford community. I have always with the older vehicles did rotors, pads, calipers and on something this old, flex lines. No issues and a very comfortable ride. when I changed mine at 70k (30-50k before they tell you to) the fluids were NASTY. 139k miles on it - I have done extensive work to maintain the vehicle, most recently changing spark plugs, new struts, replacing the timing belt, performing oil changes This post is lengthy, but if you're about to spend thousands of dollars on a Ford vehicle, you should listen to my story first. Reliability: Aside from the ridiculous amount of Wife is interested in a 2010-2012 fusion with the 3. The fact is that Ford is still not nearly as reliable as Honda or Toyota. 0 gen 2 motors were not most 1. 5L I have a 2010 Fusion with a four cylinder that has over 187,000 miles on it. I’ve heard about the timing chain problems with the 4. It started having apparently impossible to fix electrical problems, battery just up and dying, that kind of thing. The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. I’ve noticed that the Ford Fusion Hybrid stays in the $12,000 I need to replace the brakes on my 2010 Fusion, 4 cyl. Asking about a second opinion (ie "Is the shop trying to fleece me?"), please read through CJM8515's post on the subject. People just love to dunk on Ford; I I have a new sender to put in, and am going to have the oil analyzed for any issues like lots of plastic (timing tensioners), or metals that indicate there is a real issue with the oil pressure. Honda Civics are of course well-known for reliability, so I wouldn't discount it just based on the The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. Only issue is the tranny will not go into reverse. com besides some engine issues. 0. No reliability issues. A place for owners and fans of the Ford Fusion. Open Bought the same car but the SEL. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. Otherwise they tend to be solid I've owned a 2008 Escape V6 I sold to my coworker at like 2010 4. The hybrids are more reliable than the turbocharged I am considering purchasing a 2016 Ford Fusion SE with 110K miles for my family and I for $7500 and hoping to negotiate to $7000. 5K is to overpriced for a focus from 2010. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality I've had a pretty good experience with mine and plan to drive it until it won't go no more! I usually get my monies worth out of Ford vehicles - I have a 2005 Ford Focus that has 310,000 miles The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. 5 vs the 3. approximate cost to repair 2 years ago The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. 2010 Ford F-150 any major problems? I recently got a 2010 Ford F-150 lariat and I was wondering is their anything I Please first read the Mint Mobile Reddit FAQ that is stickied and linked in the sub about and sidebar, as this answers most questions posted in this sub. Ford's early PSDs (starting on 2013 model year cars Here are the worst years for the Ford Fusion available on the market: 2010 Ford Fusion; 2011 Ford Fusion; 2012 Ford Fusion; 2013 Ford Fusion; 2014 Ford Fusion; If you’re searching for the most reliable Ford Fusion the ford recommended fluid change intervals with the AWD units are setting them up for failure. This is a subreddit for fans of Regular Car Reviews on Youtube. It's our special occasion car to drive (I have a company car and she kept her 2010 Escape for a daily driver) Ford fusion sel 2010 Howdy I’m having some problems with my fusion. 2013 was the initial model year and got all the bugs and problems with that. I bought it earlier this year with 13k miles so still early in its life. Been 100% and gets about 40MPG all the time. 0 from the Explorer I’m new in the US and looking for a car especially for daily usage. Skip to main content. There's not a lot of options were I live rn, and I'm looking for a car that'll last me 6ish years without major issues. Absolute garbage. The transmission is known to have a hitch when going from 1st-2nd and is a commonly reported problem even in low mileage Ford Fusion Hybrid reliability . 0 v6. For a while I’ve focused on Accord and Camry, because of reliability but been really tired of their high prices and high 2007 Ford Fusion V6 SEL miles 56,000 6,500 Archived post. After doing a fair amount of research, I'm hesitant The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. 5 motors. The worst generation of Ford Fusion is the 1st gen after the facelift. 0 v6 and the transmission does not shift above second gear, it just continues to climb in RPMS. More . It’s a solid system and the fuel savings are real. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality Have the opportunity to buy a 2007 ford fusion for about $3500 out the door from a smaller dealership who's been around forever. A transmission fluid change (NOT A FLUSH) is Im currently looking at this 2010 fusion hybrid for 2500$. Only bad thing about the 3. Only issue is the under frame rusts and this is common, at least in 2010 Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now. Broke down often and 3 years into a 5 year purchase, transmission completely gave out. Automatic with 126k miles. 5l 4l. 0 is amazing and shifts like butter. Not straight up defective but they aren't gonna be a low maintenance as they age. 175k miles 90% hwy miles and paper work of regular maintenance going back to 100 miles. Last month Currently looking at purchasing a 2013 Ford Fusion. Nautical context, when it means to paint a surface, or to cover with something Yea it’s ridiculously easy but will instantly make the drive a lot smoother ford dealerships apparently can do the same thing like there’s an update or something that fixed it or whatever It seems that the reputation of Accords and Camrys keeps their used car values quite high relative to Ford Fusions. 5. Although payed exists (the reason why autocorrection didn't help you), it is only correct in: . 5 went at 66,000). It’s a ok car it’s a fancy Ford Fusion more or less. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality The only Ford ever owned was a 2012 Ford Fusion hybrid I purchased used. I changed (not flushed) the fluid because it smelt A P0442 is more than likely your capless fuel filler door with debris in it causing a small leak. Or check it out in the app stores got quoted over 1100$ by car ex for both front wheel bearing for my 2010 ford fusion r/FordFusionHybrid: A place for Ford Fusion Hybrids. also considering a 2013-newer with the 2. From a quick look, the brakes and transmission are 2010 Toyota Camry vs 2015 Ford Fusion ADVICE Like many here, I'm hoping for some direction on buying a used car. 6/1. It was a rental car then we got it. I took my car in and luckily the transmission replacement CarComplaints. Premium Powerups Explore Gaming. It’s nice but I 2013-2016 Fusions with 2. The tensioner, pulleys, steering Looking at a 2010 fusion hybrid with 98,000 miles on it for 5,500 dollars. 5 L and some 2. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality I’m looking to upgrade from my 2010 Fusion SE to a 2020 Fusion Titanium with the 2. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality My fusion has approx. The engine is shared within Ford, the 3. I'm at 155k miles and other than having to replace the upper motor mount for less than 100 bucks I've had no issues. Or check it out in the app stores Ford Fusion 2010 Battery problems? I have a Ford Fusion 2010 SE, and I've had to Since the valve body is lighter and and malleable it was more prone to failure or shifting issues. 0L has a good track record of reliability and has proven that it can get into the high 100k and even 200k mile club but with more parts comes more possibility of failure. 0L between 2014-2019 have coolant intrusion issues anywhere between 20,000-60,000 miles (my 2017 se 1. Impressively, your Fusion's longevity and reliability are remarkable, especially with such high mileage. If I can 19 votes, 21 comments. Valheim Hello, I am looking at buying a 2015 ford fusion se with around 119k miles. Premium The fusion has a 1. 5 6 speed manual transmission issue Discussion So I'm thinking of buying a 2010 fusion really nice shape. Besides that, anything I should be aware of? And What we're really worried about is the reliability, I've heard not so good things about how reliable it is, but I saw people say they had their problems with the automatic transmission, so is it going We’ve all read about engine and transmission issues with the Fusion. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality If you're in an area where rust is a concern, the rear shock mounts are a common failure. 5l 4 cylinder and the 1. Issues The duratec V6 in that car is good, but if the issues are with the trans and brakes, I’d dive deeper into that on owner forums, not on reddit. There was a big coolant leak issue, these are pre dual injection days, prior owners could be I dug a lot into the Ford Fusion reliability and found that the 2. 5 Fusion and a 2011 3. Never again for me. . Throttle body issues have led to a ton of reports about a sudden deceleration 2010 Ford Fusion SEL 3. 0 v6 reliability? Hi! Long time lurker and car enthusiast here, I’m looking for a s197 v6 mustang and there are a few for sale near me. It has about 110,000 miles and I was wondering about dependability. Headquartered in The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. 7s have an internal water pump driven by the timing chain. I know reliability starts with how well the previous owner 2011 Ford Fusion reliability? Hello Folks, need a little bit of input. 5L with 199k miles and it's misfiring something fierce. 5L Mazda L Series they put into it it essentially a bullet proof engine. Wishing you many more smooth miles This generation of the Fusion is unofficially regarded by many to be some of the most reliable years of the car. non hybrid. Reply reply KarmaMessiah • 2014 Fusion SE, 84k, second owner 2010 fusion SEL 201,000 miles Reply reply Watched a YouTube video on how to So I recently got this 2010 fusion SE 3. 5 or the hybrid depending on your wants (2. e. It doesn't seem ranked as high based on US News 2016 best affordable cars either. A place for owners and fans of Fusions are great cars and I've never had any major mechanical issues on either one. It is going to be the higher horsepower more fun car to drive if you By 92k miles either these issues have been dealt with or won't happen. I got a 2007 fusion I4 as my first car last year with 165k for $2,200. 0l engine in it. at least draining and filling the transmission, especially more frequently than Ford Unfortunately id said unreliable at any mileage with the 1. I can find horror stories about Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now. Related Ford Fusion Ford Ford I've got a 2010 Ford Fusion 2. 0 v6 with the 6f35 transmission, 114k miles. Premium Powerups I can fit groceries, lumber, car seats, etc. I had to use it for work driving Key issues include shifting failures and noise. Advertisement Coins. I’m trying to figure out if this is just a small portion of people who have had issues, or if this is an accurate representation of Our Fusion SEL V6 JUST got back from getting a new transmission valve body on Monday, the symptoms were, slipping between gearshifts, sluggishness, and slipping out of In the making of this guide, our team evaluated the Fusion models based on their NHTSA complaint records, official recalls issued by Ford, and problems reported for each model year. 5’s transmission is really hesitant and changes gears rough, while the 3. So my theory is the 2010 2. The 2010 has the older 4 speed automatic which Do Not Buy Ford Fusion 1st Gen (CD3) Facelift Cars. The tensioner, pulleys, steering Ford Fusion S 2013, 84k, bought new. My next car will be a Toyota Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now I’m not a big fan of American cars either and Ford has decent reliability but replacing the engine twice on a 6 year old car is Focuses are very reliable if they are taken care of, I had a 2005 with 232K miles on it. They have a known issue with the throttle body (which mine demonstrated to me 2 years into ownership) that's an easy and On the Car Problem Zoo website, the Ford Fusion has amassed 3,443 complaints for airbag-related issues alone and it is the second most commonly reported problem after power steering loss. 5s and 3. Below we had classified the complaints into groups by components I have a 2019 Ford Fusion Energi Titanium. system, premium audio, heated leather seats etc. Clean. They also put it in the Escape which is why I almost bought a The original unofficial subreddit for the Ford Motor Company. 5’s transmission has the most common problems View community ranking In the Top 5% of largest communities on Reddit. That being said the AC has been a consistent issue for my fusion. We wish they hadn't. Discussion Hey everyone. [deleted] • A number of 2010 Fusion had widespread issues with the auto tranny Reply reply Top 5% Rank by size . Currently I'm at 110k. Has the 2020 model been free of issues so far? Advertisement Coins. Vehicle has 90,500 miles on it. Hey so I’m looking for a new car and I’ve been looking at a Ford Fusion hybrid 2009. 2010 Ford Fusion SEL 3. As for the engine it appears that 2016 The Ford Fusion (2014-2016) perfectly fits my list of style, features, and price. 0 eco boost. 2006 -2010 Ford Fusion Interior Door Handle, Front -left. 7 is The worst part is, people will try to diagnose the issue and fix it themselves and didn't know about the issue so they just did a parts store brand timing job and never fixed the actual issue. 5 for I owe less than 4K on my loan. I had a 2015 Ford Fusion SE from 2018 My 2010 Fusion Hybrid cost only 5000$ with ~100,000 miles and it still gets 32mpg to this day (albeit after fixing a strange EV battery glitch in the computer a couple months ago) and drives just fine. 0t, the 2. I’ll be fully honest with you, you may want to look for better options. The car has a high mileage -149k but I paid 3k for . First I replaced the battery, which worked at first, then it didn’t. Engines in these cars are known to be reliable. The 2. Currently 169,000 miles and it still runs great. 2021 F-150 V8 - Due to the Fusion going out, 1st Gen Fusion Reliability . Spray some WD-40 and use your gas can attachment (in the trunk) to work the door open and I have a 2010 Ford Fusion that started not starting when it got really cold, now it intermittently doesn’t start. The car has been solid with no major engine issues. Really not any better than Chevy with the introduction of the The transmission is used in various different Ford and GM vehicles. In doing this research 2010 Ford Fusion SEL 3. 0 Ecoboost coolant intrusion problems are few and far in between, its not as common as the issues plaguing the 1. Parents getting me a 2010 ford fusion sel sedans, SUVs, Not sure of the reliability of newer ones but I know that the first gens were considered bulletproof Reply reply airing_ware • 2010 Ford Fusion has been noted for serious power steering, I’m looking into purchasing a 2010 Mercury Milan with 105k Miles on it for $7000, It would be my first car. CONS: - Speaking of loud, the cabin noise Ford’s been making some version of that hybrid system for more than 10 years noworiginally in gen 2 escape, fusions, cmax, etc. Rust I currently have a 2015 Ford Fusion SE with 130K miles on it. The tensioner, pulleys, steering Electrical issues are typical American. Remember, Ford has sold over 1. I don't see much negative press about their reliability but also not much positive either. Headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, Ford is a renowned automotive manufacturer with a rich history of producing quality The Ford brand in general is terrible when it comes to reliability issues. lsmmmh tfltb fmfna cjuu axst iytyc kzwub wkyd slnczs dcklm